Genes, genomes, and chips. (Mark Schena and Ronald W. Davis). Confocal scanning microscopy in microarray detection. (Mack J. Schermer). Representational differences analysis and microarray hybridization for efficient cloning and screening of differentially expressed genes. (Stanley F. Nelson and Cristopher T. Denny). Use of oligonucleotide arrays in enzymatic assays: assay optimization. (Stephen Case-Green, Clare Pritchard, and Edwin M. Southern). Antisense oligonucleotide scanning arrays. (John K. Elder, Martin Johnson, Natalie Milner, Kalim U. Mir, Muhammad Sohail, and edwin M. Southern). Application of ink-jet printing technology to the manufacture of molecular arrays. (Thomas P. Theriault, Scott C. Winder, and Ronald C. Gamble). Gene expression analysis via cDNA microarrays of laser capture microdissected cells from fixed tissue. (ranelle C. Salunga, Hongqing Guo, Lin Luo, Anton Bittner, K. C. Joy, Jim R. Chambers, Jackson S. Wan, Michael R. Jackson, and Mark G. Erlander. Expression data and the bioinformatics challenges. (Joel Lloyd Bellenson). Active microelectronic arrays for DNA hybridization analysis. (Michael J. Heller, Eugene Tu, Anita Holmsen, Ronald G. Sosnowski, and James O’Connell). Gene chips and microarrays: applications in disease profiles, drug target discovery, drug action and toxity. (Renu A. Heller, John Allard, Frengrong Zuo, Christopher Lock, Stacy Wilson, Paul Klonowski, Hans Gmuender, Harold Van Wart, and Robert Booth).